These multiplicity of changes occur in different ways for different economies, different cities and different agents within them. It is a process that is fuel by the onslaught of market capitalism throughout the world and accompanying advances in electronic communication and transportation technologies (Allen & Hammett, 1988).Ī striking feature of globalization is the very fact of social change expressed in a “multiplicity of transitions” occurring simultaneously at several and in some cases mutually contradictory levels. At the very fundamental level, what we mean when we use the term globalization is an increase in worldwide interconnectedness.
Economists see it as global capitalism cultural studies sees it as a form of cultural hybridization (Robertson, 1996) and political scientists see it as a process by which the nation-state is forced to surrender its sovereignty to regional and international political institutions (Strange, 1996). The phenomenon of globalization has many dimensions and it means different things to different people and in different academic disciplines. This paper will examine how globalization has affected the provision of public goods-water, sanitation and infrastructure-services that were the domain of governments until recently. Even less known is about the effect of globalization on the relationships between capital cities that serve as the nerve center of global accumulation and the hundreds of small towns and provincial capitals that have been untouched by economic globalization in a meaningful way. There have been very little systematic studies of cities in less developed countries where the benefits of globalization are less obvious or are absent despite two decades of donor-mandated economic reform programs by developing countries in an effort to integrate them better to the world economy.
Abstract: Most of the literature on cities and globalization has so far been focused on the cities of developed countries that have had their economic bases greatly enhanced by globalization, namely, New York, London and Tokyo (Sassen, 1991).
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